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Principle:  To develop mastery, students must acquire component skills, practice integrating them, and know when to apply what they have learned.

     Students must develop not only the component skills and knowledge necessary to perform complex tasks, they must also practice combining and integrating them to develop greater fluency and automaticity. Finally, students must learn when and how to apply the skills and knowledge they learn. As instructors, it is important that we develop conscious awareness of these elements of mastery so as to help our students learn more effectively (Ambrose, Bridges, Lovett, DiPietro, & Norman, 2010, p.5).

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For more information visit Carnegie Mellon's Eberly Center for Teaching Excellence and Education Innovation. 

Ambrose, S. A., Bridges, M. W., Lovett, M. C., DiPietro, M., & Norman, M. K. (2010). How Learning Works: 7 Research-Based Principles for Smart Teaching. San Francisco, CA: Josey-Bass.